Why Does Radioactive Decay Occur

Radioactive decay a the spontaneous process through which an unstable atomic nucleus breaks into smaller, more stable fragments. Have you ever wondered why some nuclei decay while others dont? Its basically a matter of thermodynamics. Every atom seeks to be as stable as possible. In the case of radioactive decay, instability occurs when there is an imbalance in the number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus. Basically, there is too much energy inside the nucleus to hold all the nucleons together. The status of the electrons of an atom doesnt matter for decay, although they, too, have their own way of finding stability. If the nucleus of an atom is unstable, eventually it will break apart to lose at least some of the particles that make it unstable. The original nucleus is called the parent, while the resulting nucleus or nuclei are called the daughter or daughters. The daughters might still be radioactive, eventually breaking into more parts, or they might be stable. Three Types of Radioactive Decay There are three forms of radioactive decay: which of these an atomic nucleus undergoes depends on the nature of the internal instability. Some isotopes can decay via more than one pathway. Alpha Decay In alpha decay, the nucleus ejects an alpha particle, which is essentially a helium nucleus (two protons and two neutrons), decreasing the atomic number of the parent by two and the mass number by four. Beta Decay In beta decay, a stream of electrons, called beta particles, are ejected from the parent, and a neutron in the nucleus is converted into a proton. The mass number of the new nucleus is the same, but the atomic number increases by one. Gamma Decay In gamma decay, the atomic nucleus releases excess energy in the form of high-energy photons (electromagnetic radiation). The atomic number and mass number remain the same, but the resulting nucleus assumes a more stable energy state. Radioactive vs. Stable A radioactive isotope is one that undergoes radioactive decay. The term stable is more ambiguous, as it applies to elements that dont break apart, for practical purposes, over a long span of time. This means stable isotopes include those that never break, like protium (consists of one proton, so theres nothing left to lose), and radioactive isotopes, like tellurium -128, which has a half-life of 7.7 x 1024 years. Radioisotopes with a short half-life are called unstable radioisotopes. Some Stable Isotopes Have More Neutrons Than Protons You might assume that a nucleus in stable configuration would have the same number of protons as neutrons. For many lighter elements, this is true. For example, carbon is commonly found with three configurations of protons and neutrons, called isotopes. The number of protons does not change, as this determines the element, but the number of neutrons does: Carbon-12 has six protons and six neutrons and is stable; carbon-13 also has six protons, but it has seven neutrons; carbon-13 is also stable. However, carbon-14, with six protons and eight neutrons, is unstable or radioactive. The number of neutrons for a carbon-14 nucleus is too high for the strong attractive force to hold it together indefinitely. But, as you move to atoms that contain more protons, isotopes are increasingly stable with an excess of neutrons. This is because the nucleons (protons and neutrons) arent fixed in place in the nucleus, but move around, and the protons repel each other because they all carry a positive electrical charge. The neutrons of this larger nucleus act to insulate the protons from the effects of each other. The N:Z Ratio and Magic Numbers The ratio of neutrons to protons, or N:Z ratio, is the primary factor that determines whether or not an atomic nucleus is stable. Lighter elements (Z 20) prefer to have the same number of protons and neutrons or N:Z 1. Heavier elements (Z 20 to 83) prefer an N:Z ratio of 1.5 because more neutrons are needed to insulate against the repulsive force between the protons. There are also what are called magic numbers, which are numbers of nucleons (either protons or neutrons) that are especially stable. If both the number of protons and neutrons have these values, the situation is termed double magic numbers. You can think of this as being the nucleus equivalent to the octet rule governing electron shell stability. The magic numbers are slightly different for protons and neutrons: Protons: 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 114Neutrons: 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126, 184 To further complicate stability, there are more stable isotopes with even-to-even Z:N (162 isotopes) than even-to-odd (53 isotopes), than odd-to-even (50) than odd-to-odd values (4). Randomness and Radioactive Decay One final note: Whether any one nucleus undergoes decay or not is a completely random event. The half-life of an isotope is the best prediction for a sufficiently large sample of the elements. It cant be used to make any sort of prediction on the behavior of one nucleus or a few nuclei. Can you pass a quiz about radioactivity?

The Phillips Curve The Epitome Of Antiquity Essay

Michael Liotti and Brian Levine Professor Predescu MA 235-H01 Final Project The Phillips Curve: The Epitome of Antiquity Abstract In this paper, we will present a model discussed at length in Todorova (2012) representing the Phillips curve, the textbook macroeconomic relationship posting a negative relationship between unemployment and inflation. Specifically, the model posits that when unemployed workers are scarce, employers must compete with one another for the remaining, qualified workers by bidding wages upward, which translates into higher costs, which combined with stronger consumption by a more employed population, generates higher prices. To the contrary, when unemployment is high, perhaps a result of an adverse shock to the economy, demand for labor falls, as does consumption and investment spending, which reduces overall economic activity and tends to reduce prices. The Phillips curve recently has come under scrutiny in the literature and among Federal Reserve policymakers. Many current members of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) cite the Phillips curve as their justification for continuing to raise interest rates, but there are valid questions as to whether this relationship fits the data. Using Todorova’s model, we find via computations and numerical simulations that the behavior of the inflation rate is in all cases oscillatory in nature – calling into question both the wisdom of the textbook Phillips curve proposed by Olivier Blanchard and the

Influence of Culture Versus Communication Free Essays

First of all, defining â€Å"organizational culture is what employees perceive and how this perception creates a pattern of beliefs, values, and expectation (Matteson, 2002)†.Of course, any group or organization or human beings which gets together for a purpose has a kind of assumption invented, discovered or developed to learn and cope any issues/problems of external adaptation and internal integration that has a valuable to be thought to new members as a correct way to perceive, to think and to feel in relation to those issues/problems. At the other hand, communication is glue that holds organization together. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Culture Versus Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without this valuable interaction, nothing can be perceived, created and everyone in the organization would act as differently with no control for an unsustainable result. The two have a relationship because, for the organization to be effective, it has to have an effective communicator in the group who must understand not only general interpretation communication concepts, but also the characteristic of interpersonal communication within the organization or organizational communication. Since influencing is the process of guiding the activities of the organization members in the right and appropriate directions with effectiveness, there is ample coloration between both, the organizational culture and communication. Without the communication, nothing can be considered, encouraged, motivated, leaded, thought, understood and leaded. For and an appropriate organization. For a formal or informal culture within an organization, the input portions are: people, money, raw materials, and machines. The process seems to be the influence process where the consideration of the group, the motivation of the group, leading as managers to supervision, encouraging the group who after all understood through the communication. How to cite Influence of Culture Versus Communication, Essay examples

Strategic Human Resource Management Gamifying Recruitment

Question: Describe about the Report for Strategic Human Resource Management of Gamifying Recruitment. Answer: 1. Introduction While considering the functions of the human resource management, the recruitment is one among its primary role. Recruitment involves attracting the potential candidates from the market or population appropriate to the specific job description, making them apply for the job vacancies and selecting the best out of them through a series of selection techniques or interviews. The selection process is a part of recruitment through which candidates who is eligible for the prescribe job is identified and appointed. The induction program comes after the recruitment and selection process which can also be considered as the final stage of the recruitment process. The primary purpose of this program is to make the new joined to get introduced with the procedure, organizational structure, operations, culture, etc of the organization (Cook, 2016). A policy can be considered as a principle of action which are proposed and adopted by the organizations so as to perform its operations and to reach its goals. The procedures can be considered as the formal ways through which the operations are performed by an organization. The procedures taken by an organization adhere to the policies proposed by it. The implement of specific policies and procedures in recruitment, selection and induction activities can induce professionalism in it and the HRM can perform these activities in more organized manner. Through formulating policies and procedures, the HRM can take these as the guidelines while formulating strategies for recruitment and selection. The recruitment and selection policies will make it clear which path and how should it be taken so as to identify appropriate candidates for the organization (Nabi, Wei and Ghous, 2016). Being the HRM of the transportation organization with more than 700 employees I take this opportunity to prepare a manual which covers the policies and procedures of the recruitment, selection and induction programs. Policies, procedures and time scale to be covered to the following activities: Identification of a vacancy The managers of each department are responsible for identifying and highlighting the need of the employees. The managers should complete a recruitment requisition form and should get the approval of the Director and forward it to the HR so as to initiate the recruitment process formally. Preparing position statement and advertisement Here the HR officials can start preparing the position statement to highlight the recruitment goal and proceed with advertisements. Initially the advertisements should be circulated internally to make the employees aware about the vacancies and then go for external advertisements. Determine recruitment strategy The recruitment strategy adopted should provide equity and fairness to all candidates. The interview panel should contain minimum 3 interviewers. The CV selection should be performed without the interference of any racial, sexual discrimination (Rahim, 2016). Establish selection procedures Ensuring the availability of the interview panel during the scheduled date, time and venue is important. Single sex panel should be avoided for the selection process. A formal document has to be prepared for communicating the interview details to the shortlisted candidates. Short Listing Person specification has to be considered while short listing the candidates. Line manager verification is essential for short listing. Any sort of discrimination has not to be practiced. Selection methodology Technical and non-technical tests have to be arranged as per the job description. Psychometric tests and reference checks has to be performed for the credibility. The selection should be made as per the fair recruitment laws of the authority (Armstrong, Landers and Collmus, 2016). Reference check The reference check has to be strictly performed so as to identify the credibility of the applicant. Selection decision The section decision has to be performed based on the interview and psychometric outcomes. The panel should not consider any discrimination here. The reason for the selection and the rejection of a candidate should be mentioned clearly. Make offer The HRM should formally provide the offer letter to the candidates. The candidates should be asked to submit all relevant documents like certificates. The offer and appointment letter should be provided which includes all terms and conditions (Landers and Schmidt, 2016). Induction All new staff members will undergo induction program or an orientation program which makes them merge with the company rules and regulations. Time Scale for the recruitment and Selection Activities Recruitment and Selection Activities Time Scale Identification of a vacancy Week 1 Preparing position statement and advertisement Week 2 Determine recruitment strategy Week 2 Establish selection procedures week 3 Short Listing week 4 Selection methodology Week 5 Reference check Week 6 Selection decision Week 6 Make offer Week 7 Induction Week 8-9 Communication The recruitment and selection manual has to be prepared as a written document. The HRM can arrange a meeting on behalf of the same and can announce the policies and procedures. The copies of the manual can be given to the managers of each department so that they could get the awareness about the policies. Then the managers can be allowed to suggest their opinions. Relevant changes can be made if necessary. Through this the policies and procedures can be communicated and implemented effectively. 2. The recruitment and selection strategy The future HR needs of the transportation organization can be identified for each department through developing a strategic HR staffing plan based on the strategic business plans of the organization. For example if the organization is focusing on enhancing its transportation service to new location then additional staff members will be required in the operations department. The job description should be developed which includes the roles and responsibilities that the candidate should perform while at work. This should be developed through a thorough job analysis. This should highlight what the organization expects from an individual while at work. External and internal advertisement should be done so as to gather the attention of the potential candidates. The advertisement should include the job specification, job description, personal specification, salary details and some other benefits, interview date, time, venue etc (Rivas, 2016). While advertising for the vacant position the HRM should consider the policies like equal opportunity, making use of the common language, etc. The advertisement should also be confined with the legal requirements like the prohibition of sexual, racial discriminations, employment rights, etc. The selection of the candidates from the list of the application can be performed through following a series of selection procedures which includes: Preliminary CV screening, sending interview call letter, written test, psychometric test, Personal interview, technical test, final round, offering the offer letter. Some of the recruitment specialists which can enhance the efficiency of recruitment are the professionals to whom the recruitment can be outsourced and the job portals. Through the recruitment professionals the CVs which are appropriate to the job vacancy can be obtained easily. Job portals can provide a large pool of candidates which makes the recruitment process easier. Finally comes the provision of the contract letter to the selected candidates which includes the job position or designation, nature of job (permanent or temporary), job description, salary and other compensation details, benefits, details regarding leave and holidays, terms and conditions, policies and procedures etc. 3. Induction Program An induction program is the orientation program or a training program. Here an accounting assistant has been recruited and an induction program is given to him. The primary objective of this program is to make the accounting assistant introduced with the transport organization and his roles and responsibilities. Through this he can better understand what the organization expects from him and the management can understand what type of training shall be given to him so as to shape his skills. The induction program for the accounting assistant can be scheduled for two weeks so that he can get a clear understanding about the operations of the organization. Some of the contents which can be enclosed in the induction program can be the exposure to the organizational goals and objective, mission, vision, policies and procedures, organizational structure, organizational culture, etc. This can be done within a week time. The remaining one week can be scheduled for his department oriented training program (Gabel, 2016). The method which can be adopted for training can be coaching through which the contents can be described easily. The senior management can be allowed to take part in the induction program so as to provide lecture. He can also be taken to the organizational visit for understanding the organizational structure better. The resources which can be utilized for training can be the annual reports, policy and procedure guidelines, PowerPoint presentations highlighting the history and development of the organization etc. Finally the induction program can be evaluated through allowing the trainee to fill the feedback form. This will enable the management to identify the effectiveness of the program (Liang and Shaw, 2016). References Armstrong, M.B., Landers, R.N. and Collmus, A.B., 2016. Gamifying Recruitment, Selection, Training, and Performance Management Cook, M., 2016. Personnel Selection: Adding Value Through People-A Changing Picture. John Wiley Sons. Gabel, J.A., 2016. Induction program design as it relates to school setting (Doctoral dissertation, UNIVERSITY OF WEST GEORGIA). Landers, R.N. and Schmidt, G.B., 2016. Social media in employee selection and recruitment: An overview. In Social Media in Employee Selection and Recruitment (pp. 3-11). Springer International Publishing Liang, J. and Augustine-Shaw, D., 2016. Mentoring and induction for new assistant principals: The Kansas Educational Leadership Institute. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education, 5(3). Nabi, G., Wei, S. and Ghous, G., 2016. Do we have proportionate gender in policy making? a study based on key government institutions of saarc region. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 14(1), pp.39-51. Rahim, S.A., 2016. Measurement of levels of satisfaction of staff about the recruitment and selection process of Mutual Trust Bank Limited: an exploratory study. The Business Management Review, 7(3), p.282. Rivas, R., 2016. International Recruitment and SelectionMore than a Simple Extension of Policies and Practices Across National Borders. Available at SSRN 2795580.

The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables

Table of Contents Introduction Consumer price index (CPI) Interest rate Money supply Unemployment Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that looks at how the economy of a country performs (Gwartney 3). According to McEachern (187), it considers factors such as inflations, unemployment and employment issues, a country’s trade with others and to a further extend the success and failures of a government’s economic policies.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All these and other more unmentioned variables always have an impact on a county’s economic performances. A case study of the UK and US will be used to illustrate how these variables have an impact on the real exchange markets Consumer price index (CPI) According to Consumer Price Index (CPA) can be used as a direct measure of people’s living standards which is based on the total cost of goods and services relative to the same amount of goods and services in a base year. It is always the percentage change from the base year. By considering a large pool of goods and services, CPI can obtain a relative measure of the standards of living in the country (Turvey 33). Prior to financial crisis, most of the residential and commercial premises in UK and US were run by local investors for a long period of years (Dijkman 23). The impact of CPI is hypothesized to be negative because, in the years 2000, 2001 due to need for money, these premises were sold to foreigners at a higher price (Frumkin 315). This led the market into a standstill position due to the fact that the potential sellers were not ready to trade with the local investors. Consequently, the locals did not involve in any investment as they waited for the prices to lower. Due to the inflations experienced in the markets over the last recent ye ars, especially with the basic commodities such as food crops and cash crops, oil and others, real market exchange has been affected leading to a very unbalanced living condition more so with the countries previously known to be the supper powers such as the US and UK (Free 354). Deflation rates has continued to be experienced in UK discouraging consumer spending and investments.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Interest rate Gottfried (196) defines interest rate as the fraction of the total amount of money charged for its use. It can either be fixed or flexible depending on the amount. Banks are highly known for offering loans which are expected back after a given grace period. Usually the borrower doesn’t return the same amount as borrowed; he returns it with a profit that is cumulatively relative to the grace period e.g. a month or a year. Before the financ ial crisis, the two countries invested heavily on such kind of business which bore many profits. Compared to pre-crisis era, credit conditions have continuously tightened, world economy has experienced a downturn much more with the inflation rates, and this has led to inventions of policies that allow the reduction of interest rates so as to continue in the market place (Kolb 25). The impact of interest rate is hypothesized to be negative because there has been fear of engaging in such investments that involve lots of cash.After recesion, interest’s rates in the US and UK was quickly and sharply cut down leading to a reduction in the made by banks. Money supply According to Owen and Clark (185), money supply is the total amount of money both coins and banknotes that is available at a particular time that is used in buying goods and services. It is the money in circulation. Two supply measures are use by the federal the Federal Reserve; M1 and M2.Money supply is usually invers ely proportional to interest rate where by the interest rate increases with decrease in money supply and vice versa. When there is a lot of money or very little in supply, a country’s economy is negatively affected (Owen Clark 185). Therefore, a balance in the market is achieved when a balanced is reached between the money in demand, money in supply and the rate of interest. Before the crisis, business were carried on well and there were no pronounced inflation levels, more banking business were transacted and this meant that there was enough money in supply to meet the demand. With the experience of the crisis, less banking was done leading to less money to lend the real sector. There was a lot of borrowed money in terms of assets in the US before the crisis. For a government to offset such deficits, it prints a lot of money which eventually becomes valueless leading to the collapse of fixed rate of exchange in the regime. The impact is hypothesized to be negative in that i n both UK and US,money supply has increased, a state that can be balanced by increased inflation.This balance is so far not reached.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unemployment Rate of unemployment; currently, the number of unemployed is alarming and it continues to be on the rise. According to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [hereafter referred to as OECD], this is due to money factors such as population growth and world’s economy downturn (OECD 274). Before the crisis, many people had well paying jobs because the economy was stable and this meant that a lot of money was collected in terms of taxes. With the salaries there was enough to venture into the business thus positively contributing to the country’s economy. After the financial crisis, many people were retrenched and those who were jobles s didn’t have a chance because the governments did not have enough money to pay its employees. OECD is of the opinion that, if many people are not employed then it means that the amount of money that should be given to the government in form of revenue, for its smooth running will not be available; this strains a county’s economy greatly (OECD 274). This has been experienced in the two countries after the economic turmoil.In UK, impacts of unemployment is hypothesized to be negative because of the following reasons; lack of money to pay government taxes leading to rise in much borrowing by the goverment, older employees disguising unemplyoyment by opting for other benefits e.g sickness, less consumer consumption leading to lower economic growth, decline in house price and losses in banks making lending hard. Conclusion The amount of money available to the consumers to buy goods and services at a given time should be enough to avoid strain by either the government or an individual. For one reason or the other, it is usually unavailable or sometimes not enough due to various factors such as unemployment, CPI, money in supply and interest rates. Works Cited Dijkman, Jeannette. Germany real estate yearbook. London: Real Estate Publishers, 2009.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Free, Rhona. 21st century economics: a reference handbook. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 2010. Print. Frumkin, Norman. Recession prevention handbook: eleven case studies. New York: ME Sharpe, 2010. Print. Gottfried, Byron. Schaum’s outline of theory and problems of programming with Pascal. New York: McGraw-Hill. Print. Gwartney, James. Macroeconomics: private and public choice. Mason, OH: South- Western Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. Kolb, Robert. Lessons from the financial crisis: causes, consequences and our  Economic future. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley and Son, 2010. Print. McEachern, William. Macroeconomics: a contemporary introduction. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. OECD economic outlook  July 2010. New York: Organization for Economic, 2010. Print. Owen, John and Clark, Edward. Dictionary of international economics terms. London: Less50ns Professional Publishers, 2006. Print. Turvey, Ralp h. Consumer price index manual: theory and practice. Geneva: International Labor Office, 2004. Print. This research paper on The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables was written and submitted by user Alexia Harrell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition and Examples of Lipograms

Definition and Examples of Lipograms A text that purposefully excludes a particular letter of the alphabet  is called a lipogram. The adjective is lipogrammatic. A contemporary example of a lipogram is Andy Wests novel Lost and Found (2002), which does not contain the letter e. Etymology From the Greek, missing letter Examples and Observations: The earliest lipograms are thought to have been composed in the sixth century BC, but none has survived; maybe they were never actually written down, only imagined, to circulate among the clerisy as instant legends of verbal skill. . . . [T]he lipogram should be a purposeless ordeal undertaken voluntarily, a gratuitous taxing of the brain, and the severer the better. It should make the business of writing not pleasanter but harder.(John Sturrock, Georges Perec. The Word From Paris: Essays on Modern French Thinkers and Writers. Verso, 1998)Gadsby: A Lipgram on EUpon this basis I am going to show you how a bunch of bright young folks did find a champion; a man with boys and girls of his own; a man of so dominating and happy individuality that Youth is drawn to him as is a fly to a sugar bowl. It is a story about a small town. It is not a gossipy yarn; nor is it a dry, monotonous account, full of such customary fill-ins as romantic moonlight casting murky shadows down a long, winding co untry road. Nor will it say anything about tinklings lulling distant folds; robins caroling at twilight, nor any warm glow of lamplight from a cabin window. No. It is an account of up-and-doing activity; a vivid portrayal of Youth as it is today; and a practical discarding of that worn-out notion that a child dont know anything.Now, any author, from historys dawn, always had that most important aid to writing: an ability to call upon any word in his dictionary in building up his story. That is, our strict laws as to word construction did not block his path. But in my story that mighty obstruction will constantly stand in my path; for many an important, common word I cannot adopt, owing to its orthography.(Ernest Vincent Wright, from Gadsby, 1939a story of more than 50,000 words that does not contain the letter e) Most common of all marks from A to Z,Its tyrant to orthography, and smugThat not a thing of worth is said withoutOur using it. . . .(Daniel J. Webster, A Lipogram: Writing Without It. Keeping Order on My Shelf: Poems and Translations. iUniverse, 2005)A Void: Another Lipogram on ENoon rings out. A wasp, making an ominous sound, a sound akin to a klaxon or a tocsin, flits about. Augustus, who has had a bad night, sits up blinking and purblind. Oh what was that word (is his thought) that ran through my brain all night, that idiotic word that, hard as Id try to put it down, was always just an inch or two out of my graspfowl or foul or Vow or Voyal?a word which, by association, brought into play an incongruous mass and magma of nouns, idioms, slogans and sayings, a confusing, amorphous outpouring which I sought in vain to control or turn off but which wound around my mind a whirlwind of a cord, a whiplash of a cord, a cord that would split again and again, would knit again and again, of w ords without communication or any possibility of combination, words without pronunciation, signification or transcription but out of which, notwithstanding, was brought forth a flux, a continuous, compact and lucid flow: an intuition, a vacillating frisson of illumination as if caught in a flash of lightning or in a mist abruptly rising to unshroud an obvious signbut a sign, alas, that would last an instant only to vanish for good.(Georges Perec, La Disparitiona 300-page novel that does not contain the letter e; translated by Gilbert Adair as A Void) 181 Missing OsN mnk t gd t rb r cg r plt.N fl s grss t blt Sctch clips ht.Frm Dnjns tps n rnc rlls.Lgwd, nt Lts, flds prts bwls.Bx tps, nt bttms, schl-bys flg fr sprt.N cl mnsns blw sft n xfrd dns,rthdx, jg-trt, bk-wrm Slmns.Bid strgths f ghsts n hrrr shw.n Lndn slp-frnts n hp-blssms grw.T crcks f gld n dd Iks fr fd.n sft cltl fstls n Id fx dth brd.Lng strm-tst slps frlrn, wrk n t prt.Rks d nt rst n spns, nr wd-ccks snrt,Nr dg n snw-drd r n cits rlls,Nr cmmn frg cncct lng prtcls.(Unknown, quoted by Willard R. Espy in The Game of Words. Grosset Dunlap, 1972)

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 44

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE - Essay Example After creation, the presentation can be downloaded inform of text document, PowerPoint or PDF, and uploaded to YouTube. However, Google presentations are insecure and prone to invasions as documents get shared anonymously (Bruna, 2012). Prezi is another example of presentation tool. This is an online presentation tool offering both free and paid plans. With the unpaid plan, one can easily create presentations and share them online, or download them for offline viewing. The paid plan has additional features like making presentations private, and the ability to work offline. This tool allows a person to produce high quality flash documents (Nannette, 2009). The tool has a web-built presentation that offers dynamic transitions and non-linear presenting. It also allows the presenter to insert images and PDF files, or other media. The tool, however, has limited functionality such as line tools fonts and colours. Keynote is Apple’s presentation tool. Keynote allows a person to create presentations with unique themes and transition (Nannette, 2009). It produces polished graphics and high quality animations. Keynote can be integrated to iPhone or iPod to do a wireless presentation. This will control the progress of your presentation and view it on your mobile phone. The main shortcoming is that it takes time to become proficient. In conclusion, no matter how skilled an individual is at presenting an idea, a solid presentation will add so much more to it. Stephanie’s response to the discussion question was appropriate because she discussed presentation tools available in the marketplace and stated their advantages and

Human Resources Planning, Recruitment & Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resources Planning, Recruitment & - Essay Example The discussion will also outline various issues that can affect HR planning at policy level within the organisation. It also seeks to discuss the measures that can be implemented within the next five years in order to influence an effective HR planning strategy. In any organisation, human resources management (HRM) plays a very important function to its survival and viability. As such, this report is mainly concerned with outlining a critical analysis of the use of internal and external environments of an organisation within the context of HR planning. The report will focus on the operations of JBS Australia Pty Ltd which is a foreign owned private company owned by Brazilian-based JBS SA, the worlds largest meat processor. The report starts by outlining the overview of the company and this will be followed by explanation of key concepts. Internal as well as external factors will be explained in detail as well as the measures that can be put in place within the next five years in order to improve the operations of the organisation with regards to its HR functions. According to IBISWorld (2009), â€Å"JBS Australia Pty Ltd is a foreign owned private company owned by Brazilian-based JBS SA, the worlds largest meat processor. Swift Australia generates the majority of its income from the processing and distribution of meat and its by-products.† This company is based in Riverview, Queensland and it employs over 4,000 people. JBS Australia is responsible for processing and distributing meat products such as beef, mutton, lamb, Veal and offal as well as other by-products such as hides, skins, blood and bone among others. The company operates the following brands: King Island Beef, Swift Premium Beef, Tasmanian Premium Beef, Friboi Beef and Beef City Black. Planning with regards to human resources management (HRM) is primarily concerned with defining the goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities

Recation paper 8 9 and 16 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Recation paper 8 9 and 16 - Essay Example However, in the social sphere (i.e., in civil society), women are accorded an important status which is not ordinarily contemplated for them in the political sphere. The piece insightfully notes that there is a dualistic nature to women’s citizenship, that aside from women’s inclusion in the application of general legal precepts, there are likewise special statutes which pertain in particular to women, alluding to a specific ideological gender construct, whether favourable or discriminatory to women. While this differentiates women’s legal rights, provisions for benefits such as maternity leaves and similar privileges in labour legislation are not so much the state’s imposition on women, as the result of women’s initiative to fight for considerations that would enable them to exercise the same rights as men (e.g. the opportunity to have a career) as well as continue to perform their biological and social functions (such as bearing and raising childr en). Radhakrishnan (1992) has a slightly different concept of the interface between nationalism and sexuality. The author regards separately the politics of nationalism and the politics of women, and that an emphasis on one will normally overwhelm the impact of the other. A duality similar to that of Yuval-Davis is conceived by Radhakrishnan; the duality this time is not in regard to women in the legal system, but rather the polarities existing in state politics. These insights were drawn in the context of the Indian state which itself is caught in the duality of East and West, modern and traditional, the mystical and the progressive. While the author discusses this duality in relation to India specifically, it is undeniable that the constructs created may easily apply to nearly any developing country with a colonial past and on the threshold of accelerated growth. The discussion by Radhakrishnan began strongly with the premise of gender relations in the state; however, somewhere in the course of the discussion the topic veered exclusively into the realm of Indian politics and relegated the issue of sexuality and gender relations to the background. What one may deduce from this is that gender is but one of the details subsumed into the greater issue of nationality and statehood. Towards the end, the author concentrated on insights by Nehru and Gandhi, which, while valuable to the discussion on India, does not quite square with the discussion of nationalism and gender. It seems as if the treatment of gender is but incidental to the broader issue of the duality of a post-colonial state. Exploring the topic of duality and taking it further, the article by Kandiyoti (1991) comments on the outright contradictions that exist in former colonial societies. In this case, society’s control over women becomes the manifestation of a nation’s identity and cultural distinctiveness. In the emergent nation, as the people gain their status as individual citizens endowed with rights, their traditional regard for women will have to evolve in order to accommodate the extension of the benefits of citizenship to women. Women’s emergence as citizens is â€Å"predicated upon the transformation of institutions and customs† (Kandiyoti, 1991, 429) that had formerly bound the social

Development of Powers withing the British Constitution

Development of Powers withing the British Constitution â€Å"†¦the description of British government as an elective dictatorship is no longer appropriate.† (V. Bogdanor The New British Constitution (2009) Oxford, Hart). Discuss, considering in particular Bogdanor’s argument that the separation of powers has been strengthened within the British Constitution in recent years. Britain is described as not having a written constitution, instead it is simply: a set of inductive generalisations[1] which have resulted in Britain not having a formal separation of powers. Due to this lack of structure, the power within the constitution can become concentrated to a single group. Consequently an Act which would be held as undemocratic in places where there is a written constitution e.g. the United States, will not be in Britain. This essay aims to analyse the doctrine of the separation of powers, focusing on how the principle operates in the British Constitution where the separation between the branches of government is not strictly adhered to. It will examine how this entwining relationship has led to Britain living in an elective dictatorship opposed to the democracy it is advertised to be. Additionally, it will consider how the recent developments of the constitution, including the introduction of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, has led to the separation of powers being strengthened therefore the democracy of Britain increasing. The separation of powers is one of these principles that is found, in one form or another, in most modern constitutions[2]. It is a feature predominantly in constitutions which operate a system of government that is based on the law. The importance of the doctrine is significant because it underpins the way the power is used within a state. Nowadays, it has been recognised as having a crucial role in the constitution; it remains important to distinguish the primary functions of law-making, law-executing and law-adjudicating. If these distinctions are abandoned, the concept of law itself can scarcely survive.[3] Poor division of power between the different organs would mean it is impossible to prevent abuse therefore a dictatorship could arise. The principle suggests that the correct way to separate the power is to divide it equally into three separate organs, each with independent roles from each other. If each of these branches perform a different function then the constitution will run efficiently. The branches today are known as; the legislative- who create law; the executive- responsible for the day to day running of the constitution; the judiciary- they apply the laws. This means if these divisions are adhered to then the constitution will successfully run as an organised democracy. The Greek Philosopher, Aristotle, was the first to classify the government as being split into three elements; The three are, first, the deliberative, which discusses everything of common importance; second the officials and third, the judicial element.[4] These distinctions are based purely on a political entity[5]whereas todays understanding of the principle focuses more on different branches of the government. Todays theory comes from the French Constitutional Theorist Montesquieu who popularised the doctrine in his book, the Spirit of the Law[6]. He breaks down the institutions as legislatures, executives and judges who exercise certain specific functions making laws, executing laws and adjudicating disputes about laws[7]. These branches can be translated to the British Constitution. The Legislative branch is made up of Parliament whose function is to pass legislation which regulates the citizens and to scrutinise the work of the executive in order to ensure that they are not abusing their powers. Britain has a bicameral legislative branch which means that it is composed of two chambers; the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The members of the House of Commons are elected by the British public and the party with the most seats form the government. This means that it is a fairly elected democracy. In Britain the role of the executive is to formulate and implement policies. It is led by the Prime Minister who is responsible for the overall conduct of the government and the ministers who are the head of each department. The role of the judiciary is to interpret the legislation and apply the law in accordance with how Parliament intended it when they created it. The judicial branch covers all judges however, it is those which sit in the higher courts who are most important to the operation of the British Constitution because they are in a position to challenge the government and ensure that it functions with the law. It has been argued that in Britain, the result of not having a codified constitution is that there is no consequences in place if one branch exceed the limit of power they have according to the separation of powers theory. The principle came under significant criticism around the 1980s. One of the main criticisms was by Brazier who stated that the arrangement of the British Constitution is: at best a weak separation of powers at worst a separation in name only[8]. Locke, an English Philosopher was concerned with the division of power and the consequence if the separation was not equal. Concentration of power can seriously affect the organisation and functioning of the constitution. He believes that: it may be too create a temptation to humane frailty apt to grasp for Power, for the same persons who have the power of making laws, to have also in their hands the power to execute them, whereby they may exempt themselves from obedience to the laws they make [9] This means if there is too much power concentrated to one person, or to one branch of the government, it would lead to the system as a whole being corrupt. It would provide people with the opportunity to use the system to their own advantage, essentially creating laws others do not agree with thus creating a dictatorship. The idea that too much power can result in one group using it to their advantage can be seen within the British Constitution, where there is many overlaps between the branches. This led to Lord Hailsham describing the structure of this constitution as an elective dictatorship[10] because although the government is elected by the public, they abuse the amount of power they have been given and use this to their own advantages- they act like dictators. In theory it appears that the roles of each branch are clearly distinguished however, this is not the case in practice. However, Montesquieu also recognises that the division of power between the organs of the state is not always amicable, there can be overlap between the branches and it still be a democracy. This idea there is overlap in the British Constitution can be supported by Parpsworth who claims: a separation of powers is not, and has never been a feature of the UK constitution. An examination of the three powers reveals that in practice they are often exercised by persons which exercise more than one such power.[11] This idea can be seen by the role of the Lord Chancellor who had a position within each of the three government branches. He had a legislative function of being the speaker of the House of Lords, an executive function of being a member of the cabinet and a judicial function as being the head of the judiciary. Being the head judge gave the Lord Chancellor the right to participate in judicial proceedings and to appoint judges. This shows that there is more than an overlap between the branches instead it shows that the same person clearly does exercise more than one power.[12] regardless of Montesquieu stating: all would be lost if the same man exercised these three powers[13]. Evidently this suggests that Britain is an elective dictatorship because there is no restriction on the amount of power that each branch can administrate within society, they can influence the functioning of the constitution without regard to the view of the public. The Lord Chancellor was in a strong position to abuse his powers; he could provide himself with more benefits or use the arrangement to influence the branches and allow one organ to dominate the whole constitution. Clearly, his position within all three arms of the government does not conserve the doctrine of the Separation of Powers. However, it could be argued that even though there is clear overlap between the roles, the question of abusing power was irrelevant as the Lord Chancellor optionally chose to remain impartial to each branch when undertaking the particular function it required; in recent years, the Lord Chancellor had rarely sat as a judge and never on matters affecting the government. This suggests that the British Constitution was never operating in a way which could be described as an elective dictatorship[14], instead it has always been an independent system[15]. However, there are exceptions to this; Lord Mackay, however, did sit in the leading case Pepper v Hart, [1993] AC 593, on which he offered a dissenting judgement[16] which shows that there are exceptions and the lines between the branches have been overstepped. Regardless of this only being an exception there was a clear overlap in the way the functions of the branches were being performed so the Labour Party, the current government at the time, introduced the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 which led to dramatic reforms, specifically regarding the position of the Lord Chancellor. His position at the head of the judiciary has now been replaced by Lord Chief Justice who is now in charge of the deployment of judges and allocation of work in Courts in England.[17] Additionally, his legislative function as the speaker of the House of Lords has been replaced by the Lord Speaker. This means that since the reform, his function is now purely in the executive branch of the government where he remains to be a member of the cabinet.[18] Evidently, the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 has strengthened the doctrine of the separation of powers in Britain as the overlaps between the arms have been reduced thus the power distribution has been equalised. However, not everybody agrees that the reforms towards the Lord Chancellor has increased the democracy in Britain. His role was described as a necessary evil vital to ensuring the smooth running of the separate estates. [19] This criticism suggests that the Labour Government removed the connection between the branches which may reduce the effectiveness of the organisation of each function. However, the reform was essential because if these distinctions are abandoned, the concept of law itself can scarcely survive.[20] Another problem with the separation of powers in the British Constitution is the overlap between the legislative and executive. Theoretically, the executive initiate the creation of new laws and it is for the legislatures to debate and pass the proposals once the content has been agreed upon. This means that the legislative is supposed to have control over the executive however, in practice it is clear that the Executive tends to dominate the legislature, because the party and electoral systems usually produce a strong majority government, what Lord Hailsham called an elective dictatorship[21]. This means that the executive is therefore present at the heart of Parliament.[22] Being at the centre of the government structure allows the executive to have strong persuasion over the legislatures, meaning they can get the result they wish without the House of Commons standing in their way. This supports Bagehots description of the British Constitution being; the close union, the nearly complete fusion of the legislative and executive powers[23] as it appears that they operate as one branch; the executive. This intertwining relationship can be seen as there is a strong convention that ministers are members of one or other House of Parliament[24] as well as the Prime Minister being a member too. As a result they will have strong influential powers over the decisions of both the executive and the legislative. This is because the ministers will be less likely to challenge the decisions of their party therefore their activities will not be questioned so they will be able to initiate any changes they wish. This means they are able to operate an elective dictatorship without checks to the amount of power they are using. However, it could be argued that the separation of powers still exists because there are procedures in place to ensure the doctrine remains a strength of the British Constitution. For example, there is a limit on the number of ministers who can be members of the House of Commons. This will ensure that the amount of influence they have is limited. Additionally, there is the opportunity for a backbench revolt. This is where a large number of MPs who are not ministers or in cabinet for the leader, vote against them to try prevent them from carrying out their propositions. One example is from 2001 where; more than 100 Labour backbenchers rebel over the attempted removal of two Labour MPs from the chairmanship of important parliamentary committees.[25] which led to the reinstatement of two Transport and Foreign Affairs Select Committees. This suggests that although the executive try and overstep their powers by going against the opinions of the public which could effectively mean Britain is a dictatorship, there are checks and processes in place for their decisions to be effectively challenged. Members of cabinet can, and have, also taken stands against their own parties. A recent example of this can be seen by Tony Blair who proceeded with the Iraq War despite the majority of his cabinet disagreeing with his actions and a further two resigning. This example shows that the government are not persuaded by the actions of their cabinet or backbench revolts. This shows the need for checks to prevent the abuse of power is essential. The legislature has the duty to ensure that the executive do not overstep this limit ensuring that control is maintained, reducing the chance of an elective dictatorship. These checks mean that Bogdanors suggestion that we are less of an elective dictatorship is correct; the rules ensure that nobody gains too much control. In conclusion, the doctrine of the separation of powers is a feature of the peculiarly British conception of the separation of powers that Parliament, the executive and the courts have their distinct and largely exclusive domain.[26] Before the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, the power was not constrained to the three separate organs. Instead the distinctions were not clear therefore the power was subject to being abused and concentrated to different branches. The reforms led to a redistribution of power in the British Constitution which has effectively led to a decrease of living in an elective dictatorship, just as Bogdanor suggests. Bibliography Allan, T. R. S.. First principles: the Rule of Law and Separation of Powers. Constitutional justice: a liberal theory of the rule of law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. 31-52. Barnett, Hilaire. Fundamental Constitutional Concepts; the separation of powers. Constitutional administrative law. 7th ed. London: Cavendish Pub., 2009. 71-91 Bates, Clifford The Fundamental Similarity between Montesquieu and Aristotle http://www.academia.edu/5192735/THE_FUNDAMENTAL_SIMILARITY_BETWEEN_MONTESQUIEU_AND_ARISTOTLE>. Blair Backbench reforms. BBC News. BBC, 26 Feb. 2003 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2802791.stm>. Bogdanor, Vernon. The new British Constitution. Oxford: Hart Pub., 2009. Bradley, Anthony, and Keith Ewing. The relationship between legislature, executive and judiciary. Constitutional and administrative law. 15 ed. Longman, 2010. 78-88 Brazier, Rodney. Constitutional reform: reshaping the British political system. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. Constitutional Reform Act 2005. Constitutional Reform Act 2005 www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/4/contents> Lord Hailsham Elective dictatorship. The Listener, 21 October 1976 Lord Phillips, Lord Chief Justice. Interview by Marcel Berlins. Personal interview 2007 Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat. The spirit of the laws. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Parpworth, Neil. Separation of Powers. Constitutional and administrative law. 7th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 18-20 R Benwell and O Gay, The Separation of Powers www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/sn06053.pdf‎> Watts, Duncan. Constitutions. Understanding US/UK government and politics a comparative guide. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003. 26-43. 1 [1] V Bogdanor,The New British Constitution(1st, Hart, 2009) 22 [2] A W Bradley and K D Ewing,Constitutional Administrative Law(15th, Pearson) 78 [3] T. R. S. Allan,Constitutional Justice: A Liberal Theory of the Rule of Law (Oxford, 2003) 31 [4] Aristotle Politics as citied in H Barnett, Constitutional Administrative Law(7th, Routledge, 2009) [5] Clifford Bates, The Fundamental Similarity Between Montesquieu and Aristotle (academia.edu 2005) http://www.academia.edu/5192735/THE_FUNDAMENTAL_SIMILARITY_BETWEEN_MONTESQUIEU_AND_ARISTOTLE> accessed 11th January 2014 [6] C Montesquieu ,The Spirit of the Laws (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought)(1st, Cambridge University Press, Oxford 1989) [7] Clifford Bates, The Fundamental Similarity Between Montesquieu and Aristotle (academia.edu, 2005) http://www.academia.edu/5192735/THE_FUNDAMENTAL_SIMILARITY_BETWEEN_MONTESQUIEU_AND_ARISTOTLE> accessed 11/01/2014 [8]R Brazier,Constitutional Reform: Reshaping the British Political System(3rd, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008) 108 [9]J Locke,Two Treatises of Government(ed. Laslett), chX11, para 143 as cited in A W Bradley and K D Ewing,Constitutional Administrative Law(15th, Pearson) 81 [10]Lord Hailsham, Elective dictatorship The Listener (21 October 1976) [11]N Parpworth,Constitutional and Administrative Law(7th, Oxford, 2012) 20 [12]N Parpworth,Constitutional and Administrative Law(7th, Oxford, 2012) 20 [13]C Montesquieu ,The Spirit of the Laws (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought)(1st, Cambridge University Press, Oxford 1989) [14]Lord Hailsham, Elective dictatorship The Listener (21 October 1976) [15] The Lord Chief Justice 2007 Interview[2007] [16] V Bogdanor,The New British Constitution(1st, Hart, 2009) 66 [17]Lord Chief Justice (www.judiciary.gov.uk 2014) http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/about-the-judiciary/the-judiciary-in-detail/judicial+roles/judges/lord-chief-justice> accessed 11/01/2014 [18]Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (www.legislation.gov.uk 2005) http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/4/contents> accessed 11/01/2014 [19]V Bogdanor,The New British Constitution(1st, Hart, 2009) 63 [20]Allan,Constitutional Justiceas cited in A W Bradley and K D Ewing,Constitutional Administrative Law(15th, Pearson) 88 [21] D Watts,Understanding US/UK Government and Politics: A Comparative Guide(Oxford 2003) 36 [22] R Benwell and O Gay, The Separation of Powers (www.parliament.uk 2013) accessed 11/01/2014 [23] Bagehot,The English Constitution 65as cited in A W Bradley and K D Ewing,Constitutional Administrative Law(15th, Pearson) 78 [24] A W Bradley and K D Ewing,Constitutional Administrative Law(15th, Pearson) 84 [25] Blairs backbench rebellions (www.news.bbc.co.uk 2003) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2802791.stm> accessed 11th January 2014 [26] R v Home Secretary[1995] 2 AC 513as cited in A W Bradley and K D Ewing,Constitutional Administrative Law(15th, Pearson) 78

Rethinking the American Dream in Coney Island of the Mind, Why Wallace?, and Goodbye, Columbus :: Coney Wallace Columbus

Rethinking the American Dream in Coney Island of the Mind, Why Wallace?, and Goodbye, Columbus      Ã‚  Ã‚   Webster defines a dream as "something notable for its beauty, excellence, or enjoyable quality." This seems, logically, something that everyone desires to obtain. However not everyone is the same therefore each dream is not the same. According to certain works of literature regarding the 1950's-60's though, it appears as if many people are quite disillusioned and believe their dream is the one and only dream suitable for everyone. This American Dream consists of a nice job, nice spouse, nice house, nice kids, nice car and all the money, money, money you can get your hands on. Anyone who desires differently is unacceptable.    But what happens when people finally start to realize, heaven forbid, that this one dream isn't a dream at all and is not the ultimate source of happiness? A rebellion against this materialistic society takes place. Lawrence Ferlinghetti, in his poem "A Coney Island of the Mind," illustrates this dissatisfaction with American society:    "...on a concrete continent spaced with bland billboards illustrating imbecile illusions of happiness The scene shows fewer tumbrils but more maimed citizens in painted cars and they have strange license plates and engines that devour America" (Ferlinghetti,131).    America is supposed to be the great capitalistic society, but Ferlinghetti sees otherwise. Billboards feature material assets in a style showing its necessity for human happiness. By calling this happiness the billboards represent an illusion, Ferlinghetti is speaking out against materialism. This materialism has apparently also horribly disfigured America and it's citizens. The citizens believe that the more material possessions one has the happier they will be. Ferlinghetti says these material possessions such as cars and fancy license plates devour them instead and are possibly dictating their life.    Addressing this issue of a materialistic society is a common theme among many of the writer's during the 1950's and 1960's. In their writings Phillip Roth and Michael Novak both depict a family of this society. The parents of these writings have an "ideal" lifestyle and a standard for their children, which gives the children every reason to want to rebel. They want to break away from the thoughts and standards of their parents and society. In Roth's novel, Goodbye, Columbus, the character Mrs. Patimkin is much like the Andy Restek of Novak's "Why

Retaining the HR Function Essay

Introduction This report is to the executive directors and will be outlining the importance of retaining the HR function within the business. I will be explaining how HR activities support the organisations strategy and how HR professionals support line managers and their staff. HR is essential to the smooth running of the business. HR is there to ensure that the company do not have a high turnover of staff and that training is given to employee. HR is essential to help the company meet its targets, and ensuring that the company complies with legal requirements including Health & Safety. How three HR activities support the organisations strategy Recruitment Recruitment is co-ordinated by the HR department and is a major factor on how your business recruits the right type of people to carry out the tasks required. HR will in this instance start from the beginning and advertise for the positions to be applied for, HR will also screen and interview the right type of candidates required and then Induct them once the candidate  is successful in getting the position. This is a time consuming job which the department that HR are recruiting for will not have time for and can spend their time concentrating on their departments. HR are responsible for sending out the necessary letters and paperwork to the candidates. Disciplinary’s / Grievances Disciplinary’s are usually completed due to a employee mis conduct or absence related. The HR team usually monitors all absences and would notify the line manager of any concerns. HR support the line managers by attending these disciplinary meetings and advise on the best course of action to be taken, HR are also responsible for ensuring the necessary paperwork is completed for the disciplinary to take place. Grievances are dealt with by the line managers also and again HR is responsible for ensuring that grievances are dealt with fairly and equally. Induction The HR department are responsible for inducting all new employees who enter into the business. Inductions are quite important in how the new employee fits into the business and responds with the demands and the business strategy. All new employees should be inducted with the practices, policies and procedures and the culture that the company operates in. This will allow the new employee to familiarise and settle into their role with how the business works, this should help keep the employee retention level quite low. The induction process done ‘effectively reflects the employer brand and the values the organisation is promoting. It is important, therefore, to ensure that the induction process reflects the values and culture of the organisation’ (CIPD, 2014) Three ways HR professionals support line managers and their staff Performance management The HR function here will provide you with the best way to maximise the potential of your employees. If you have underperforming employees HR will be able to help you get the maximum out of them. The process is ‘performance management’ during this period the employee will go through a set of meetings to discuss their performance shortfalls. if after reviewing the  shortfalls the HR department are able to advise of the further necessary steps to take e.g. disciplinary, warnings etc. HR are there to support the managers carrying out the meetings and advising of the best way forward. Legal The HR function for the business in a legal matter would be to ensure that the organisation activities are complying with legislative requirements i.e. pay increase, working time regulations. HR would have to know the employment law to a degree in this way HR would act as an advisor for the company. We may also be making a decision on some occasions depending on the circumstances surrounding the issue or speak to the line managers on further training. more importantly HR are responsible for keeping records e.g. disciplinary, absences, training, ‘as these good records can afford real protection for employers and managers who may need to defend their actions at a tribunal or In other courts’ (Martin and Whiting, 2013). If the company fails act accordingly to the legal requirements they could possibly face claims, and also the last instance close down the company Training HR is responsible for the training aspect of the business, if a department identifies the need for a training requirement they will notify the HR department. The HR departments responsibility would be to find how the training is going to be given out, i.e. external or internal If external training is required HR who have to find a company who deliver the training and find out the necessary information. This may include costs, venue, duration. HR would also draw up the relevant training contracts so that the company would not lose out financially if the employee was to leave once they had received the training. Conclusion To conclude the above points which I have mentioned, the HR department is an integral part of the organisation and is essential in meeting the business strategy. As you can see from the report without the HR department the business cannot function properly, by reducing the size of the HR department you may ultimately affect other parts of the business and the strategy as  whole. This may lead to an increase in employee retention and legal costs in the form of claims, tribunals etc. The examples of the parts of the business given above where HR is essential are a few and many more functions within the business need the HR department. The HR department are also their to support employee’s and for them to come and see and speak to someone in private and confidential nature this helps with employee relations. With the help of the HR department employees within the organisation are being given the necessary training. These employees who are given the opportunity of progress with the company are more devoted to meeting the business need and most of all the strategy. REFERENCES CIPD. (2014). What is an Induction. Available: http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/induction.aspx#link_2. Last accessed 04th December 2014. Martin, M. and Whiting, F.. (2013). Human Resource Practice. 6th ed.. CIPD.

Are You There God Its Me, Margaret essays

Are You There God' It's Me, Margaret essays Judy Blume's Are You There God' It's Me, Margaret has become a classic novel for preteen girls. Published in 1970, the book addresses the discomforts and confusions surrounding puberty and early adolescence. The central character of the novel, Margaret, has moved to a Farbrook, New Jersey from New York City. Her encounters with new girlfriends and her quest to fit in comprise the major plot structure of the novel. The young girls contend with pubescent physical and emotional changes, including budding breasts, first periods, and a new interest in cute boys. Moreover, religion plays a role in the story as a means of social group identification. Margaret has an innate, spontaneous, and personal relationship with God, with whom she communicates in times of need or stress. Her prayers, because they are unorthodox, stand in direct contrast to the organized religious structures in her new community as well as in her family. Are You There God' It's Me Margaret is a touching, engaging, well-written novel geared for prepubescent and pubescent girls; while the audience is limited, the book nevertheless remains a classic of young adult "Oh, you're still flat." Nancy laughed. "I'm growing alreadyIn a few years I'm going to look like one of those girls in Playboy," (6). Margaret's new girlfriends in Farbrook have already begun to grow breasts, while she lags behind, wishing that her body could catch up to theirs. This major source of insecurity for Margaret is an issue felt keenly by every teenage girl when they and their peers reach puberty. As each girl develops differently, some earlier, some later, Are You There, God' It's Me Margaret provides solace and comfort to young readers. Bloom's approach is as realistic as it is humorous: The young girls practice kissing on their pillows and they chant "We must, we must, we must increase our bust!" Moreover, the frank discuss...

The Best AP Psychology Notes to Study With

The Best AP Psychology Notes to Study With SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Note-taking can get disorganized even for the most conscientious among us. It's hard to sort through a whole year's worth of material, especially in an AP class that covers a wide range of topics and theories. This article is intended to serve as a one-stop-shop for comprehensive notes on all the topics covered in AP Psychology. Whether you lost your class notes on cognition or just want an easier way to see everything in one place, the links in this article will help make your study process more focused and less stressful! How to Use These AP Psychology Notes You can use these notes as study aids for in-class tests or to review for the final exam. Supplement them with resources you’ve gotten from your teacher in class and other notes you’ve taken throughout the year. If you know that there’s an especially great explanation of a certain concept in your textbook, use that to help you review as well. You might also consider buying a review book if you're looking for more guidance in planning out your studying (see my article on the best AP Psychology books). If you're studying for the AP test as a whole, take a diagnostic practice test before diving into these notes. That way you can see where you're making the most mistakes and focus your studying on the appropriate areas. Taking practice tests at regular intervals throughout the study process will give you a better idea of whether or not you’re absorbing the material. Real-time practice tests will also help you get used to managing your time effectively so that you’re prepared for the way the final exam is structured. You’ll be answering 100 multiple-choice questions in 70 minutes, so appropriate pacing is critical! In the next section, I’ll go through a list of all the topics that are covered in AP Psychology and provide links to online notes for all of them. Don't forget to time your practice tests! And if you use a weird old-timey stopwatch like this one, make sure you know how to divide by five. AP Psychology Notes These are the most easy-to-follow online notes I could find for the material covered in AP Psychology. For each topic area, I’ve included the percentage of final exam questions that pertain to the subject and two links, one to regular notes and one to a PowerPoint presentation that shows the information in a slightly different form. The WikiNotes links are more detailed, so you should go over them first. The PowerPoint notes provide more of a brief overview of concepts and can serve as a quick review tool. It’s likely that your course will be structured roughly in the same order as the topics presented here, so it should be easy to find the information you need to study for in-class tests throughout the year. History and Approaches (2-4% of exam) WikiNotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Research Methods (8-10% of exam) WikiNotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Biological Bases of Behavior (8-10% of exam) Wikinotes Neural Processing and the Endocrine System The Brain Genetics, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavior PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Sensation and Perception (6-8% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources States of Consciousness (2-4% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Learning (7-9% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Cognition (8-10% of exam) Wikinotes Memory Thinking, Problem Solving, Creativity, and Language PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources (Part 2) Motivation and Emotion (6-8% of exam) Wikinotes Motivation Emotions, Stress, and Health PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Developmental Psychology (7-9% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Personality (5-7% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Testing and Individual Differences (5-7% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Abnormal Psychology (7-9% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint (Part 1 and Part 2) General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Treatment of Psychological Disorders (5-7% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources (Part 2) Social Psychology (8-10% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Overall Review Sheets Full Test Review List of Terms and People to Remember Interactive Glossary Additional Unit PowerPoints Printing out the notes instead of reading them on your computer is also an option. If you think you'll need to highlight important points, it's probably a good idea! AP Psychology Study Strategies Learning all of this information might be tough if you don't have a game plan. Here are some tips for getting the most out of your time. Tip #1: Flashcards Are Your Friends To succeed in AP Psychology, you must have excellent recall of a large library of terms. Some of these are constants of human behavior that you didn’t know had official names, and others are more obscure terms for the biological components of psychological responses. It’s critical to be fluent in the terminology surrounding every concept if you want to end up with a high score. You should also know the names of prominent psychologists and understand their contributions to the field. Quizzing yourself with flashcards is the best way to ensure that you’re prepared. I’d recommend Quizlet as a starting point (after you read through the notes and refresh your memory) because it offers many sets of online flashcards that you can use for practice. Of course, you can always write out your own physical flashcards if you prefer to do things the old fashioned way! This may be more effective because writing down definitions helps to reinforce your memory. Tip #2: Relate Psych Concepts to Everyday Life The concepts in this course will show up in your daily life when you make decisions, interact socially, get stressed about schoolwork (very meta!), or really do anything. As you read the notes, try to think of personal examples that relate to what you’re learning. Besides helping you memorize the material, this can give you some interesting insight into why you’ve made certain decisions in your life (or why other people you know may have made certain decisions). Even outside of your active study time, if you notice a particular behavior, try to relate it to something you’ve learned. You probably won’t forget a term or concept if you anchor it to a real experience. Tip #3: Give Yourself Regular Checkups Don’t go over a section of notes once, quiz yourself, and then decide that you’re done with it forever. Every few topic areas, circle back and do a holistic review of everything you’ve learned so far. Make a point of constantly refreshing your memory so that nothing gets lost in the shuffle. You can use the complete review sheets I’ve linked at the end of the notes section as resources for these review sessions. With an aggressive treatment plan, you can hope to recover from your ignorance. Conclusion: Getting the Most Out of AP Psych Notes These notes and strategies should help you get started on your AP Psychology review. You can even use the notes on a unit-by-unit basis if you're just studying for a short quiz or test. Just remember to take practice tests to keep yourself on track, and continue consulting any resources you've accumulated throughout the year in class. I'd recommend that you also take advantage of the information in my other AP Psychology posts (links are in the first section of this article) to get more advice on how to structure your studying and ensure a high score on the final exam! What's Next? Are you concerned about the AP Psychology test? Read this article to decide whether it will be especially challenging for you. What is Stockholm Syndrome, and how is it viewed in psychology circles? Learn more about this condition and its debated legitimacy in this article. It's not easy to decide which AP classes to take in high school. Depending on how many options you have, you could structure your schedule in vastly different ways. Check out this guide to learn how many AP classes you should take in high school based on your goals and circumstances. If you want to avoid overwhelming yourself with a ridiculous schedule, it's also a good idea to be aware of which AP classes test the most challenging material. Read our article on the hardest AP classes here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Marketing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Marketing Assignment - Essay Example In the recent past, the countries especially that of United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Yemen have come up as the major real-estate hubs of the world. There were many reasons for such development. The locations of the middle-eastern countries proved to be very vital for such development as they could be reached from Europe, Africa and Asia with in few hours of flight. The government of these nations was also very supportive to the real estate projects as they became source of foreign exchange for the economies. But with the economic recession and liquidity crunch taking toll over the world economy, the housing bubble of the middle-east got the beating. As more of the global companies of repute and leading multinational companies bankrupted and laid off their employees, the industry of real estate in the near east region which was basically redundant for the global citizens faced the severe music. Since the end of last decade the boom of real estate has been evident in the cities of Middle East like Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Sharjah. The huge boom in the real estate market was primarily because of the increasing life style of the citizens of the world. Having an apartment in the posh location of the above mentioned cities has been like of a status symbol. The various amendments of regulations by the governments of Middle Eastern nations also supported the cause. Compared with the demand of having apartment for residence or office space, the supply always fell short. Therefore, the prices went on increasing. Numerous projects are coming up with large number of units mostly as the satellite townships near the big cities. It was estimated by the reputed market research agency, Colliers International that in 2007 more than 14,000 villas and 18,000 apartments were under construction only near to the mega city of Abu Dhabi. The market research report forecasted the figure to reach appro ximately around 205,000 by 2015. According to the international agency, projects like

International and comparative criminal justice Essay

International and comparative criminal justice - Essay Example This is the way things should be. It is unacceptable for the police to contaminate evidence or obtain it through duress. However, its actual exclusion should rest at the discretion of a judge. This is the correct law and is followed in many common law jurisdictions, while it is less prevalent in civil law jurisdictions. In the course of this essay the rationale for this rule will be examined as will a number of cases and statutes relating to it. It is first important to discuss context. Crime has been an unfortunate aspect of human existence from the beginning of time. Each civilization and country has had to determine a method for dealing with it within their own moral vision. Different approaches to dealing with crime come from different values systems. Everyone is different and believes in different things. For people that believe a criminal is a product of his environment and is not personally responsible for committing of crime, it is likely that resources will be used on rehabi litation and treatment. Imprisonment will play a less important role. But for those who believe individuals are responsible for the things that they do and that if they intend to commit crimes they should be punished, the emphasis is likely to be on punishing or detaining the criminal. These different values play a role in determining how evidence is excluded. These two ways of dealing with crime can be broken up into two models. One will be likely to exclude contaminated evidence in order to preserve the human rights of the criminal, the second model would be much less likely to exclude evidence1. The first is the famous due process model present in most developed countries. The main idea of this model is that an individual should not be deprived of their human rights, even if it is clear that he or she has committed a terrible crime. To put someone in prison is to take away the criminal’s right to liberty. That is a very serious thing. The process must be scrutinized to ens ure that everything is done by the book. At its heart the due process model is the idea that the system would rather see ten guilty people go free than one innocent person in prison. The result of this model is many hours of painstaking work checking evidence and a long time-line of the court case moving slowly through the system. Because, historically, the legal system railroaded individuals by planting false evidence and by abusing human rights, we must be very careful when examining evidence. Permitting contaminated evidence into the legal system would encourage law enforcement officers to commit illicit acts. The due process model would strongly argue to exclude evidence obtained in the course of an abuse of human rights. The second way of looking at criminal justice regarding evidence is the crime control model. This model puts a high value on locking up guilty people. Its aim is to protect society and it tries to do this by detaining as many people as it can as quickly as it c an. Typically, in this model more money is spent on policing and deterring and prosecuting criminals as quickly as possible so that the police and prosecutors can start again quickly on the next group of criminals. If it happens that an innocent person is